(1) "Thus Come One"
(Sanskrit, tathagata; Japanese,
nyorai).
One who has come from the world of
truth. A Buddha embodies the fundamental truth of all phenomena and grasps
the law of causality permeating past, present and future. Based on a different
interpretation of the Sanskrit, the translation "Thus Gone One" is also
used, meaning one who has gone to the world of truth, i.e., attained enlightenment.
This interpretation was not generally adopted in the Chinese translations;
nyorai simply means "thus come."
(2) "Worthy of Offerings"
(Sanskrit, arhat; Japanese,
ogu)
One who is qualified to receive offerings
from human and heavenly beings.
(3) "Right and Universal
Knowledge"
(Sanskrit, samyak-sambuddha;
Japanese, shohenchi)
One who comprehends all phenomena
correctly and perfectly.
(4) "Perfect Clarity and Conduct"
(Sanskrit, vidya-charana-sampanna;
Japanese,
myogyosoku).
One who understands the eternity
of past, present and future, and who performs good deeds perfectly.
(5) "Well Gone"
(Sanskrit, sugata; Japanese,
zenzei)
One who has gone to the world of
enlightenment.
(6) "Understanding the World"
(Sanskrit, lokavid; Japanese,
sekenge)
One who understands all secular and
religious affairs through his grasp of the law of causality.
(7) "Unexcelled Worthy"
(Sanskrit, anuttara; Japanese,
mujoji).
One who stands supreme among all
living beings.
(8) "Leader of People"
(Sanskrit, purusha-damya-sarathi;
Japanese,
jogojobu).
One who instructs and leads all people
to enlightenment.
(9) "Teacher of Gods and Humans"
(Sanskrit, shasta devamanushyanam;
Japanese,
tenninshi).
A teacher who can guide all human
and heavenly beings
(10) Buddha, the World-Honored
One
(Sanskrit, buddha-bhagavat;
Japanese, butsu-seson).
An awakened one, endowed with perfect
wisdom and virtue, who can win the respect of all people. "Buddha" and
"World-Honored One" are sometimes used as two separate titles, making a
total of eleven honorable titles.
